Based on the physical quantity measured, sensors can be classified into categories such as displacement, force, velocity, temperature, flow rate, and gas composition sensors.
Based on their operating principles, sensors can be classified into categories such as resistive, capacitive, inductive, voltage-based, Hall effect, photoelectric, grating, and thermocouple sensors.
Based on the nature of their output signals, sensors can be classified into: switch-type sensors, which output discrete states ("1" and "0," or "on" and "off"); analog sensors, which output continuous signals; and digital sensors, which output pulses or codes.
