Among the three main components of an automotive starter motor, the electric motor section generally exhibits no fundamental differences; based on the type of DC motor employed, starters can be broadly categorized into conventional starters and permanent-magnet starters. However, the control mechanisms and drive mechanisms vary significantly; consequently, starters are typically classified according to the specific types of control and drive systems utilized.
Classification by Control Mechanism
① Directly Operated Starters: In this type, the main circuit switch of the starter is directly controlled-either to connect or disconnect the main circuit-via a linkage mechanism actuated by a foot pedal or a hand-operated lever. These are also referred to as mechanical starters. Although this method offers structural simplicity and reliable operation, it is rarely used today because it necessitates positioning the starter motor and the battery in close proximity to the driver's cab-thereby imposing constraints on installation layout-and because it is inconvenient to operate.
② Electromagnetically Operated Starters: In this type, a relay is controlled by a push-button switch or the ignition switch; this relay, in turn, controls the starter's main switch to connect or disconnect the main circuit. These are also known as electromagnetic control starters. This method enables remote control capabilities and offers convenient operation; as such, it is widely adopted in modern automobiles.
